References
Robertson MM, Qasmieh SA, Kulkarni SG, et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2023;76(9):1636-1645. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac961.
Methods: We conducted a population-representative survey, 30 June-2 July 2022, of a random sample of 3042 US adults aged 18 years or older and weighted to the 2020 US population. Using questions developed by the UK's Office of National Statistics, we estimated the prevalence of long COVID, by sociodemographics, adjusting for gender and age.
Results: An estimated 7.3% (95% confidence interval: 6.1-8.5%) of all respondents reported long COVID, corresponding to approximately 18 828 696 adults. One-quarter (25.3% [18.2-32.4%]) of respondents with long COVID reported their day-to-day activities were impacted "a lot" and 28.9% had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection more than 12 months ago. The prevalence of long COVID was higher among respondents who were female (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.84 [1.40-2.42]), had comorbidities (a
Pr: 1.55 [1.19-2.00]), or were not (vs were) boosted (a
Pr: 1.67 [1.19-2.34]) or not vaccinated (vs boosted) (a
Pr: 1.41 [1.05-1.91]).
Conclusions: We observed a high burden of long COVID, substantial variability in prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and risk factors unique from SARS-CoV-2 risk, suggesting areas for future research. Population-based surveys are an important surveillance tool and supplement to ongoing efforts to monitor long COVID.
Hastie CE, Lowe DJ, McAuley A, et al.
Nature Communications. 2023;14(1):7892. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43661-w.
Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Ayuzo Del Valle NC, et al.
Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):9950. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13495-5. Copyright License: CC BY
Zheng YB, Zeng N, Yuan K, et al.
Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2023;16(5):660-672. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.005.
Methods: Studies that assessed the prevalence of, or risk factors associated with long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 survivors were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to December 11th, 2022. Random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression on the estimated prevalence of long COVID were performed by stratification with follow-up duration, mean age, sex ratio, percentage of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, hospitalization rate at baseline, and percentage of severe illness.
Results: Based on 40 studies with 12,424 individuals, the pooled prevalence of any long COVID was 23.36 % ([95 % CI 15.27-32.53]). The generalized symptom (19.57 %, [95 % CI 9.85-31.52]) was reported most commonly, followed by respiratory (14.76 %, [95 % CI 7.22-24.27]), neurologic (13.51 %, [95 % CI 6.52-22.40]), and psychiatric (12.30 %, [95% CI 5.38-21.37]). Dyspnea (22.75 %, [95% CI 9.38-39.54]), fatigue (20.22 %, [95% CI 9.19-34.09]), and headache (15.88 %, [95 % CI 6.85-27.57]) were most widely reported specific symptoms. The prevalence of any symptom during 3-6, 6-12, and> 12 months were 26.41 % ([95 % CI 14.33-40.59]), 20.64 % ([95 % CI 17.06-24.46]), and 14.89 % ([95 % CI 6.09-26.51]), respectively. Individuals with aged over ten years, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, or had severe clinical symptoms exhibited higher prevalence of long COVID in multi-systems. Factors such as older age, female, poor physical or mental health, or had severe infection or more symptoms were more likely to have long COVID in pediatric survivors.
Conclusions: Nearly one quarter of pediatric survivors suffered multisystem long COVID, even at 1 year after infection. Ongoing monitoring, comprehensive prevention and intervention is warranted for pediatric survivors, especially for individuals with high risk factors.
Baptista de Lima J, Salazar L, Fernandes A, et al.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2023;42(4):e109-e111. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000003829.
Thompson EJ, Williams DM, Walker AJ, et al.
Nature Communications. 2022;13(1):3528. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30836-0. Copyright License: CC BY